@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:imports , ; """What is the topic of something?, What topics are included in this one?, What are the topics near to that one?""" ; "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/ontopic.owl" ; "Sara Bernardini" ; """We are able to represent topics, subjects, or themes of something, and to organize topics into partonomic and topological structures. In order to represent more sophisticated relations between topics, concepts, terms, etc., refer to the full ontopic.owl ontology.""" ; "To represent topics and their relations." ; "\"The topic of Moby Dick is the hatred of humanity\",\"What is the main subjects in neswpapers today? And more specifically?\"" ; rdfs:comment "It is a simplified version of the ontology http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/ontopic.owl" ; owl:versionInfo """1.1 - Updated by Aldo Gangemi with proper references, annotations, etc. (Feb 2010) 1.0 - Created by Sara Bernardini (2009)""" , "1.1 added rdfs:isDefinedBy for all named entities"^^xsd:string . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#coversRequirements rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#extractedFrom rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasAuthor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasConsequences rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#hasIntent rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/schemas/cpannotationschema.owl#scenarios rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment rdfs:comment rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label rdfs:label rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo owl:versionInfo rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/partof.owl#hasPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/partof.owl#isPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#farTopicFrom :farTopicFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :farTopicFrom ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The opposite to vicinity relation between two topics, e.g. 'star system' (as a Topic) is farTopicFrom 'geology' (as a Topic). Distance is typically established with reference to a threshold on the number of concepts or entities that are common between the two topics. Alternatively, it can be established with reference to the a geometrical semantics applied to the spaces (super-topics) of which topics are part (cf. ontopic.owl ontology).""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "far topic from"@en , "è un argomento lontano da"@it . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#hasCoreConcept :hasCoreConcept rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isCoreConceptFor ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Concept ; rdfs:comment """A Concept is a core concept for a Topic when it can classify many entities that have that Topic. For example, Saxophone (as a Concept) isCoreConceptFor Saxophones (as a Topic).""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "has core concept"@en . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#hasSubTopic :hasSubTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; owl:inverseOf :isSubTopicOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The relation between two instances of a Topic, in terms of their cultural coverage. For example, Sport hasSubTopic Football. It can be used widely to talk about document annotations, subject directories, etc.""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ha argomento più specifico {it}" , "has subtopic"@en . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#hasTopic :hasTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :isTopicOf ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The relation between something and its Topic (subject, argument, domain, theme, subject area, etc.). It can be used widely to talk about document annotations, subject directories, etc. hasTopic is very general. For example, consider the following cases: (1) A biography of Brigitte Bardot hasTopic 'star system' (2) The concept of 'starlet' hasTopic 'cinema' (3) A biography of Claude Chabrol hasTopic 'Nouvelle Vague'.""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ha argomento"@it , "ha argomento {it}"^^xsd:string , "has topic"@en . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#isCoreConceptFor :isCoreConceptFor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Concept ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """A Concept is a core concept for a Topic when it can classify many entities that have that Topic. For example, Saxophone (as a Concept) isCoreConceptFor Saxophones (as a Topic).""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is core concept for"@en , "è concetto centrale di {it}"^^xsd:string . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#isSubTopicOf :isSubTopicOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The relation between two Topic(s), in terms of their cultural coverage. For example, Football isSubTopicOf Sport. It can be used widely to talk about document annotations, subject directories, etc.""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is sub topic of"@en , "è argomento più specifico di {it}" . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#isTopicOf :isTopicOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:comment """The relation between something and its Topic (subject, argument, domain, theme, subject area, etc.). It can be used widely to talk about document annotations, subject directories, etc. hasTopic is very general. For example, consider the following cases: (1) A biography of Brigitte Bardot hasTopic 'star system' (2) The concept of 'starlet' hasTopic 'cinema' (3) A biography of Claude Chabrol hasTopic 'Nouvelle Vague'.""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "is topic of"@en , "è argomento di"@it . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#nearTopicTo :nearTopicTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :nearTopicTo ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The vicinity relation between two topics, e.g. 'star system' (as a Topic) is nearTopicTo 'cinema' (as a Topic). Vicinity is typically established with reference to a threshold on the number of concepts or entities that are common to the two Topic(s), or based on a geometrical semantics applied to the spaces common between two topics (cf. ontopic.owl ontology).""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "near topic to"@en , "è un argomento vicino a"@it . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#overlappingTopic :overlappingTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf :overlappingTopic ; rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain :Topic ; rdfs:range :Topic ; rdfs:comment """The relation between two topics, e.g. 'star system' (as a Topic) is overlappingTopic with 'Bollywood movies' (as a Topic). Overlap is typically established with reference to a threshold on the number of concepts or entities that are common between the two topics. Alternatively, it can be established with reference to the a geometrical semantics applied to the spaces (super-topics) of which topics are part (cf. ontopic.owl ontology).""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "overlapping topic"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#Concept :Concept rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith :Topic ; rdfs:comment """A Concept is a social object, which is used to classify entities. Differently from a Topic Both concepts and topics are used to classify entities, but concepts typically have an \"is a\" relation to the entities; e.g. (1) A biography of Brigitte Bardot hasTopic 'star system' (Topic) (2) A biography of Brigitte Bardot is a Biography (Concept) (3) A biography of Claude Chabrol hasTopic 'Nouvelle Vague' (Topic) (4) The Nouvelle Vague is a CulturalMovement (Concept)"""^^xsd:string ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Concept"@en , "Concetto"@it . ### http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/topic.owl#Topic :Topic rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isTopicOf ; owl:minCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSubTopic ; owl:allValuesFrom :Topic ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :isSubTopicOf ; owl:allValuesFrom :Topic ] ; rdfs:comment """A topic, or subject, argument, domain, theme, subject area, etc. Topics have a controversial intuition across common sense, document management systems, knowledge organization systems, etc. There is an interesting duality of topics: they are commonly interpreted as areas of shared knowledge within a Community (therefore as collections of social objects). On the other hand, existing directories and thesauri use 'topic' (or 'subject') more restrictively, as a relation between a document and a concept. For example, thesauri do not usually distinguish when their 'concepts' (cf. skos:Concept) are actually intended as concepts (in the sense of Concept in this pattern) and when they are intended as topics. The distinction is clear when you compare these two sample sentences: 'the football topic is part of the sport topic' vs. 'the concept of football is part of the concept of sport'. While the first is perfectly acceptable, the second is counterintuitive and even possibly wrong. This effect is due to the fact that concepts are 'intensional' notions and are not intended as areas of knowledge, document spaces, etc., which are 'extensional' notions. Accordingly to these basic observations, in this pattern Concept and Topic result to be disjoint, and an appropriate representation should be in place in order to model thesauri. E.g. skos:Concept should be mapped to the union of Concept and Topic.""" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Argomento"@it , "Topic"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing owl:Thing rdf:type owl:Class . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi