Pattern library¶
162 ontology design patterns ship inside the OntoBoard plugin, 153 of them distinct — ten are another pattern under a second name and say so. Every one is browsable and importable from OntoBoard → Reuse → Pattern library… inside Protégé; this page is the same library, on the web, with a graph of each pattern.
Choosing a pattern is the place to start if you are deciding which one, or whether to use one at all: it covers searching by the question you want answered, letting the ontology you already have suggest patterns, what each pattern's page tells you about adopting it, and what a reasoner has and has not checked on your behalf. Contributing a pattern covers using your own patterns — which needs nothing but a folder — and proposing one for this library.
Every pattern here has been put to a reasoner
159 of the 162 are consistent with no unsatisfiable class, and their worked examples are consistent with them. Four are not, and each says so on its own page with the reason. Imports are deliberately not resolved when checking — five of the cited servers no longer answer — so a verdict covers what the pattern file itself asserts. What that means.
Find a pattern¶
Type to filter on the name, the description, the competency questions, the category, the domain, the publisher or the pattern's id. There is no scope field in the data — no column in the index and no key in any of the 162 metadata files — so scope here means the collection, the category and the domain together, all three of which the filter searches. Inventing a scope value for 159 patterns would be a number somebody decided on rather than one measured, which is why the library shows no class counts either.
By source¶
The four collections the library ships, which is the division that tells you whose modelling you are about to adopt.
| Source | Patterns | Where it came from |
|---|---|---|
| BFO | 4 | Extracted in 1.96.0 from the exact BFO artifact NFDIcore pins and MWO agrees with — BFO 2020 'notime', verified by sha256 at extraction time. |
| MWO | 8 | Extracted from the patterns documented at ise-fizkarlsruhe.github.io/mwo. |
| NFDI MatWerk | 15 | Extracted from the patterns documented at nfdi.fiz-karlsruhe.de/matwerk/patterns. |
| PMDco | 13 | Extracted from the patterns documented at materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology. |
| ODP portal | 122 | Harvested from ontologydesignpatterns.org, a catalogue of submissions from thirteen different publishers. |
The 36 in the BFO family — MWO, NFDI MatWerk and PMDco — were added because the ODP collection and the OBO world share no vocabulary at all: measured, zero of the 123 ODP patterns share a single IRI with a real BFO-based project.
BFO¶
Extracted in 1.96.0 from the exact BFO artifact NFDIcore pins and MWO agrees with — BFO 2020 'notime', verified by sha256 at extraction time.
| Pattern | Category | Domain | Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occurrent Parthood And Order | structural | upper ontology | Which sub-processes make up a given process, and which of them are temporal parts rathe… |
| Occurrent Spacetime Regions | structural | upper ontology | Which spatiotemporal region does a given process occupy, and onto which temporal region… |
| Process Site And History | structural | upper ontology | In which site or material entity does a given process occur, and which processes does a… |
| Specific Dependence And Inherence | structural | upper ontology | Which qualities, roles, dispositions or functions inhere in a given entity, and which e… |
MWO¶
Extracted from the patterns documented at ise-fizkarlsruhe.github.io/mwo.
| Pattern | Category | Domain | Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pattern 1: Process-Agent-Role | structural | research-data | Who took part in a given activity, and in what capacity did each of them take part? |
| Pattern 2: Service | behavioral | research-data | Who provides a given service, and what does that service deliver? |
| Pattern 3: Resource-Contact Point | conceptual | research-data | Who should be contacted about a given resource, and what is their name, e-mail address… |
| Pattern 4: Resource Implementation | structural | research-data | Which tools were developed, co-developed, or adopted in an organization? |
| Pattern 5: Resource Description | information | research-data | What is the title and DOI of a given resource, and which abbreviation stands for that t… |
| Pattern 6: Value Specification | information | general | What value was measured for a given property of a sample, and in which unit is it repor… |
| Pattern 7: Temporal Region | temporal | general | What are the start and end dates of a given process, and which first and last moment of… |
| Pattern 8: Material Entity Description | structural | materials | Which project produced a given material or device, and which processes has it taken par… |
NFDI MatWerk¶
Extracted from the patterns documented at nfdi.fiz-karlsruhe.de/matwerk/patterns.
| Pattern | Category | Domain | Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| agent | structural | general | Which agents (people, organisations, consortia) does the knowledge graph know? |
| dataportal | information | research-data | Which data portals and repositories does NFDI-MatWerk reference? |
| dataset | information | research-data | Which datasets does NFDI-MatWerk provide, and under which licence? |
| event | behavioral | research-data | Which academic events has NFDI-MatWerk organised, and when? |
| fdos | information | research-data | Which FAIR Digital Objects has NFDI-MatWerk registered? |
| matwerkta | information | research-data | Which task areas comprise NFDI-MatWerk, and what responsibilities does each hold? |
| organization | spatial | research-data | Which organisations participate in NFDI-MatWerk? |
| people | conceptual | research-data | Which researchers are involved in NFDI-MatWerk, and in which task area? |
| process | behavioral | general | Which processes are recorded in the knowledge graph, and who participates in them? |
| publication | information | research-data | Which publications resulted from a given task area or infrastructure use case? |
| role | conceptual | general | Which role does a given person or organisation bear, and in what context? |
| service | behavioral | research-data | Which services does NFDI-MatWerk offer, and who provides them? |
| software | information | research-data | Which software does NFDI-MatWerk provide, and under which licence? |
| sparql_endpoints | information | research-data | Which SPARQL endpoints can the MatWerk Knowledge Graph be federated with? |
| temporal | temporal | general | Over which period did a given project, event or role run? |
PMDco¶
Extracted from the patterns documented at materialdigital.github.io/core-ontology.
| Pattern | Category | Domain | Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| A manufacturing process with its input and outputs | behavioral | manufacturing | What does this manufacturing process consume and what does it produce? Which plan speci… |
| A process with a chain of subprocesses | behavioral | manufacturing | Which subprocesses make up this process? Which subprocess starts it and which ends it?… |
| Behavioral property | behavioral | materials | Which properties of a material show themselves only under particular circumstances? In… |
| Categorical value specification | information | materials | What non-numeric value does this material characteristic take? Which categorical value… |
| Duality of object and material | structural | materials | Which material is this object made of? Which qualities does an entity bear as a portion… |
| Fundamental property | structural | materials | Which properties does a material entity always bear regardless of circumstance? Which f… |
| Measurement and setpoint | observation | measurement | What was measured, by which assay, and what value came out? Which quality is a measurem… |
| Participant object states | temporal | materials | What was the state of this object before and after the process? Which temporally qualif… |
| Realization of a role | conceptual | general | Which role does this object bear, and in which process is that role realized? Which ent… |
| Relational property | structural | materials | Which quality holds between two entities rather than inhering in one? Which entities do… |
| Scalar value specification | information | measurement | What is the numeric value of this quantity and in which unit is it expressed? Which qua… |
| Simulation with in- and output | information | simulation | Which information content entities are the input and output of a simulation process? Ho… |
| Temporal dimensions of a process | temporal | general | Over which temporal interval did this process occur? When did it start and when did it… |
ODP portal¶
Harvested from ontologydesignpatterns.org, a catalogue of submissions from thirteen different publishers.
| Pattern | Category | Domain | Answers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actingfor Pattern | behavioral | general | Who is working for which organization? Who is representing the company? |
| Actuation Actuator Effect Pattern | structural | iot | Which physical quantity does a given device change, and what effect does it have on its… |
| Affordance Pattern | behavioral | general | What are the tasks afforded in a certain situation? |
| Agent Role Pattern | behavioral | general | What role does this agent play? Which agent plays this role? |
Agentrole Pattern same as agent-role |
behavioral | general | which agent does play this role? what is the role that played by that agent? |
| Airline Pattern | conceptual | transportation | Which aircraft does a given airline fly? |
| Airline.owl Pattern | conceptual | transportation | Which aircraft are in a given airline's fleet? |
| Aquaticresourceobservation Pattern | temporal | biology | For an aquatic resource, what species, in what fishing areas, climatic zones, bottom ty… |
| Aquaticresources Pattern | information | biology | What species are present in this aquatic resource/stock? In what water area this aquati… |
| Bag Pattern | structural | general | What bag is this item an element of? |
| Basicplan Pattern | structural | general | Which activity actually carried out a given task, and which task does a particular acti… |
| Basicplanexecution Pattern | structural | general | Which actions make up a given run of a plan, and which run does a particular action bel… |
| Born Digital Archives Pattern | structural | digital-media | What are the main entities (units) that compose born digital archives? These are fonds,… |
| Catchrecord Pattern | temporal | biology | What species, and what amount of organisms, have been caught from what areas, countries… |
| Chessgame Pattern | structural | games | Who played against Kasparov in the round 1994 Linares tournament? Did (s)he play as a w… |
| Classification Pattern | structural | general | What concept classifies this entity? What entities are classified by this concept? |
| Climaticzone Pattern | observation | biology | What resource has what climatic zone? |
| Co-Participation Pattern | behavioral | general | What objects co-participate in this event? Which events involve co-participation of the… |
Collection Entity Pattern same as collection |
structural | general | What members belong to this collection? Which collections contain this entity? |
| Collection Pattern | structural | social | What things are contained in this collection (community, collective)? What collections… |
Collectionentity Pattern same as collection |
structural | general | What things are contained in this collection (community, collective)? What collections… |
| Communities Pattern | information | general | Who are the members of a given community, for example who makes up the nursing staff of… |
| Componency Pattern | structural | general | What is this entity component of? What are the components of this entity? |
| Computer System Pattern | behavioral | computing | What is currently installed in a computer? A computer uses specific pieces of hardware… |
| Constituency Pattern | structural | general | What is a given object made up of at a finer level of description - which cells make up… |
| Contextualizedwinstonpartwhole Pattern | structural | general | For a given whole and one of its parts, which kind of part is it - a component of the w… |
| Controlflow Pattern | behavioral | general | Which steps come directly after a given step in a procedure, and are those steps altern… |
| Countingas Pattern | information | general | What does a thing count as in a given setting - for example, what does a signed sheet o… |
| Description Pattern | information | general | What does this description define? What situation satisfies this description? |
| Descriptionandsituation Pattern | structural | general | Which actual state of affairs satisfies a given plan or set of rules, and which plan do… |
| Detectorfinalstate Pattern | conceptual | general | Retrieve all analyses that veto extra leptons. |
| Digitalvideo Pattern | structural | digital-media | 1. What does a digital video file consist of? A digital video file usually consists of… |
| EEP Pattern | structural | iot | Which steps of a plan did a particular run actually carry out, and who or what took par… |
| Ethnicgroup Pattern | conceptual | social | Which countries, continents, regions, cities, towns, islands and rivers is a given peop… |
| Eventcore Pattern | structural | games | Where and when did the 1990 World Chess Championship Match take place?, Who were involv… |
| Eventprocessing Pattern | structural | iot | What event objects are this complex event object and abstraction of? |
| Food Recipe Ingredient Substitution ODP Pattern | information | food-science | Which recipe does a given ingredient substitution apply to, and does the substitution c… |
Food Recipe Ingredient Substitution Ontology Design Pattern same as food-recipe-ingredient-substitution-odp |
structural | food-science | For the recipe covered by an ingredient substitution, how much of each listed ingredien… |
| Gearspecies Pattern | conceptual | biology | what type of fishing gear can catch what aquatic species? |
| Gearvessel Pattern | conceptual | fisheries | what vessel type can equip what gear type? |
| Gearwaterarea Pattern | structural | biology | in which water areas are what gear types used? (provided that species caught by geartyp… |
| GO Top Pattern | structural | biology | What are the possible most general supertypes for any type from the gene-related domain? |
| Hazardoussituation Pattern | structural | safety | Who or what took part in a given dangerous incident, and which hazard was each of them… |
| Information Realization Pattern | information | information-science | What physical entity realizes this information object? What information is realized by… |
| Informationobjectsandrepresentationlanguages Pattern | information | general | In which language is a given document, diagram or formula expressed, and is that langua… |
| Intensionextension Pattern | conceptual | social | What is the meaning of an information object?,What information objects express this mea… |
| Invoice Pattern | behavioral | commerce | What are the transactions involved in this invoice? What is the order this invoice is r… |
| Linnaeantaxonomy Pattern | conceptual | biology | Which family does a given genus belong to, and which species sit directly under that ge… |
| List Pattern | structural | general | What are the items (elements) in this list? |
| Material Transformation Pattern | structural | engineering | What material resources were required to produce a product? Where did the transformatio… |
| Move Pattern | behavioral | general | Where did a given object start out and where did it end up when it was moved? |
| Nary Participation Pattern | structural | general | Who or what took part in a given event, and during which time period? |
| Newsreportingevent Pattern | structural | media | In addition to the competency questions defined for pattern ReportingEvent (http:/ontol… |
| Notepattern | structural | music | what is the name of a note?, what part of the score does a note belong to?, what are th… |
| Object With States Pattern | structural | computing | Objects in StateA must have at least one value for property property1 |
| Objectrole Pattern | behavioral | general | What role does this object play? which objects do play that role? |
| Observation Pattern | behavioral | general | What was observed? Who made the observation? What was the result? |
| Parameter Pattern | conceptual | general | What value must something have to count as falling under a given role or category, such… |
| Part-Of Pattern | structural | general | What are the parts of this whole? What is this entity part of? |
| Participation Pattern | behavioral | general | What objects participate in this event? In what events does this object participate? |
Partof Pattern same as part-of |
structural | general | What is this entity part of? What are the parts of this entity? |
| Periodicinterval Pattern | temporal | general | What is the period of the interval 'every tuesday of 2010'? The period is a week (weekly). |
| Persons Pattern | information | social | Who acts on behalf of a given organization or office, and where another organization ac… |
Place (Spatial Object) Pattern same as place |
structural | spatial | Where is this entity located? What entities are at this place? |
| Place Pattern | spatial | general | Where is a certain thing located? What is located at this place? |
| Planconditions Pattern | behavioral | general | What has to be true before a given plan can be carried out, and what is that plan meant… |
| Policy Pattern | behavioral | biology | 1. What are the main entities associated with a policy? A policy is usually associated… |
| Price Pattern | information | commerce | How much does a given item cost, and in which currency is that amount expressed? |
| Recurrenteventseries Pattern | structural | music | What are the events of a recurrent event series?, Which is the time period elapsing bet… |
| Recurrentsituationseries Pattern | structural | music | What are the situations of a recurrent situation series?, Which is the time period elap… |
| Region Pattern | structural | general | What is the value for the attribute of that entity?,Which entities have a certain value… |
| Reportingevent Pattern | structural | media | Pattern was designed to allow a completed ontology to answer the following questions: -… |
Reportingnewsevent Pattern same as newsreportingevent |
structural | media | In addition to the competency questions defined for pattern ReportingEvent (http:/ontol… |
| Resourceabundanceobservation Pattern | conceptual | biology | What resource is observed? For what year and at what abundance level? |
| Resourceexploitationobservation Pattern | conceptual | biology | What resource is observed? For what year and at what exploitation rate and exploitation… |
| Role Task Pattern | behavioral | general | What roles are this task of?, What tasks do have this role? |
| Roledependentnames Pattern | structural | general | Under which name does someone act when they take on a particular role, such as the name… |
| Rtmsmapping Pattern | information | general | Which code in the RTMS database stands for a given species or record? |
| Scorepart Pattern | structural | music | What is the instrument playing a specific score part?, How many voices does the score p… |
| Sequence Pattern | structural | general | What follows this entity in the sequence? What precedes this entity? |
| Set Pattern | structural | general | What is the cardinality (size) of this set? |
| Simpleoraggregated Pattern | structural | general | What is this object aggregated member of? |
| Simpletopic Pattern | conceptual | general | What is the topic of something?, What topics are included in this one?, What are the to… |
| Situation Pattern | behavioral | general | What is the context of this entity? What entities are involved in this situation? |
| Smarthome Featureofinterest Pattern | behavioral | iot | What is the object which is the interest of the observation process? Which property pf… |
| Smarthome Geometry Pattern | spatial | iot | What are the spatial entities (objects with geometry) in a smart home environment? |
| Smarthome Network Pattern | structural | iot | What are the nodes that are sending data to a given receiver? |
| Smarthome Object Pattern | structural | iot | Where is the location of a given object? |
| Smarthome Pattern | temporal | iot | What are the spatial relations among objects or sections in a smart environment? |
| Smarthome Place Pattern | spatial | iot | What are the spatial/directional relations between sections of a smart home? |
| Smarthome Property Pattern | information | iot | What are the properties of a physical object in a smart home? |
| Smarthome Sensing Pattern | behavioral | iot | What sensors are involved (implement) the sensing process? |
| Smarthome Situation Pattern | behavioral | iot | What is the state of the feature of interest in the smart home? |
| Smarthome Timeinterval Pattern | behavioral | iot | What is the time interval between two specific timestamps in the form of dates? |
| Spatial Graph Adapter (SGA) Pattern | spatial | general | Which properties are recorded for a given building component, and what value does each… |
| Spatiotemporalextent Pattern | structural | games | Where is Poland located in 1700?, List all places and time in which the 1990 World Ches… |
| Speciesbathymetry Pattern | information | biology | what species have what (typical) bathymetric range in what water area? where can specie… |
| Speciesconditions Pattern | information | biology | what are the typical living conditions of a certain aquatic species? what are the aquat… |
| Speciesconservation Pattern | conceptual | biology | What is the conservation status of this species? What are the species with a specific c… |
| Specieseat Pattern | conceptual | biology | What species feed upon a certain species? What species are eaten by a certain species?… |
| Specieshabitat Pattern | information | biology | what species have what habitat in what water area? |
| Speciesnames Pattern | conceptual | biology | what local names are used for that species? what synonyms exist for that species? can t… |
| Tagging Pattern | structural | data-management | Who is tagging (the content of) what, by using what term from what folksonomy?, Which p… |
| Taskexecution Pattern | behavioral | general | which task is executed through this action? what actions can done in order to execute t… |
| Template Instance Pattern | conceptual | general | — |
| Time Indexed Participation Pattern | structural | general | When something participated in some event?,At what time an event had some participant? |
| Time Indexed Person Role Pattern | behavioral | social | Which person is a given role assignment about? |
| Time Interval Pattern | structural | temporal | When does this interval start? When does this interval end? |
| Timeindexedclassification Pattern | conceptual | general | During which period of time did a given thing count as falling under a particular categ… |
| Timeindexedpartof Pattern | structural | general | Which parts did a given object have during a particular period? |
| Timeindexedsituation Pattern | conceptual | general | At what time did a certain situation occur?,What situations occurred at a certain time? |
Timeinterval Pattern same as time-interval |
temporal | general | What is the end time of this interval? What is the starting time of this interval? What… |
| Timeperiod Pattern | behavioral | general | Which is the measurement unit of a time period?, Which is the value of a time period? |
Topic Pattern same as simpletopic |
conceptual | general | What is the topic of something?, What topics are included in this one?, What are the to… |
| Trajectory Pattern | structural | games | Show the birds which stop at x and y, Show the birds which move at a ground speed of 0.… |
| Transition Pattern | behavioral | general | What states of some object are changed by what event during a transition?,What is the p… |
| Transportpattern | structural | transportation | What is the extent of a point source pollution event? Where did a voyage begin, and whe… |
| Types Of Entities Pattern | behavioral | general | What kind of entity is that? |
| Verticaldistribution Pattern | observation | biology | What resource has what vertical distribution? |
| Vesselspecies Pattern | conceptual | biology | what vessel types can catch what species? (provided that species are caught by geartype… |
| Vesselwaterarea Pattern | conceptual | fisheries | which vessel types can be used in which water areas? (provided that water areas have sp… |
| Winstonpartwhole Pattern | structural | general | In what way is one thing part of another - as a component of it, one of its members, a… |